Al-Quran is the final revelation that guide human’s life, not only for Muslims, but also for non-Muslim people. Meanwhile, al-Hadith contains explanations from the Prophet Muhammad pbuh about the Qur'an. Both of them provide the way of life for the whole mankind, not only in the interests of the afterlife, but also in the worldly life. Architecture as one of a human worldly need should also reflect on the values within the Qur’an and Hadith. One of the values that related to architecture is the beauty. This paper aims to show the implementations of the Qur’an and Hadith in the beauty aspect of Islamic architecture in Andalucia.

One of the criteria of a good mosque is a good quality of building acoustic for some ibadah purposes, such as prayer and Friday speech. Mosques with medium size actually need no reinforcement system yet. Unfortunately, most of Indonesian mosques’ typological form were given very little attention about their acoustical problem. Such problems have found in almost every mosques. Therefore, some strategies are needed to fix the problem. Those strategies can be practiced on mosque’s interior surfaces such as ceiling, walls, and floor. One of the strategy is using the absorption material on the wall and the floor, beside using the reflection material on the ceiling. The placement of those materials depends on the path of the sound. The strategy can be used in every form of mosque with only little different treatment in each mosque’s form. With this strategy, it is expected that mosques with medium size will no longer use the reinforcement system, yet the voice still can reach all of the jamaah. Thus this strategy can be used to reduce the use of energy in these buildings.

The importance of this research is to ensconce the historiography of Masjid Tua Kampung Laut through data collection, observation, analysis and comparative study on ancient mosques at Malay World with emphasis on Masjid Agung Demak situated at Jawa Tengah Province. Both mosques have similar characteristics on typology but have different histories. The historiography of Masjid Tua Kampung Laut is related to the spread of Islam to the whole Malay World especially at Jawa Island and Champa, however until today has no cross research been done to correlate the historiography of the three places. Eventhough Masjid Tua Kampung Laut has a unique history, not much research and writing have been done about it. So far, most of the writings on the mosque are done by Abd. Rahman Al-Ahmadi, students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Abdullah Mohamed (Nakula) and Salleh Mohd. Akib. These researchs and writings were made based on heresay and laymen observation to the surviving structure. Therefore, this research is made with the intention to enrich and develop intellectual discourse in the aspect of traditional Malay architecture especially on the development of Muslim architecture of Malay World. The scope of this research is focused on site survey with critical and analytic observation, verbal information by the local communities and literature reviews. From the gathered information, a theoretical framework is developed concurrent with the rising of new issues which all the while have not been discussed in a proper systematic way especially on the aspects of design approach and construction tradition of both mosques. Besides that, the ealiest theories on the origin, architectural approach and construction aspects were intepereted in different perspectives. The outcome of this research will provide a clearer overview on architectural development of the earlier Muslims in the Malay World.

In many Qur’anic verses and Hadith, the term ‘to construct’ or ‘to build’ is frequently mentioned. It means that there are some principles in this kind of activity in Islam, that can be called Islamic principal of architecture. Therefore, it is very important for Muslim architects to have a deep understanding about these principals, and to bring them to the operational level. Basically, to build it to make some social, technical, economical, and psychological arrangements. Great changes that occur within the relationship of human and their environment in fact influence the way architects deal with these arrangements. Islamic principal of architecture give Muslim architects a basis in their architectural activities that derived from the Qur’an and Hadith. Based on these principals, the arrangements will have to considerate hablumminallah, hablumminannaas, and hablumminal’alam, which are the core of the Islamic relationships. The result of these arrangements then could be applied in five important things in architecture: function, form, technology, safety, and comfort, with a deep consideration in contextuality and eficiency.

The monetary circulation in construction projects is very important to be analyse and evaluated from the perspective of islamic law. This is so because most construction companies were indicated practicing some methods which have no basis in Islam. Some of them are even legally done some practice which considered as forbidden in Islam, such as dishonesty, manipulations, and injustice acts. Moreover, in Indonesia most of construction companies are using a foreign method from the former collonial government. The methods are found to be generating conflicts between persons in the project, and therefore could damage the social relationship of human being. BOW Analysis, and SNI which developed from BOW are still used in Indonesia. Those methods are not able yet to stand for some essential human rights, especially for the projects’ labor. The same condition happens too in the modern-world analysis which have coeffecients in determining worker fee, such as Weibull Analysis. This very sophisticated analysis is unable to answer the economic problems of society. All these methods were developed under the capitalistic framework which only intended to obtain more individual benefit, without considering the loss resulted to other people’s lives. Labor’s payment is very low in this capitalistic construction analysis. They are assumed similar to machines and equipments which has a range of productivity. If they became unproductive after some period of time, they can be thrown easily without considering their lives needs. On the other side, economic system in Islamic law is provided with some solutions to answer all social and economical problems in the society. Shariah economic and management system which is applied in a construction corporation’s system analysis and accountancy will bring great advantages, whether for its labor and company, or for society in general. Within the shariah construction management, all parties will reach Allah’s blessing and gain benefits in both worldly life and the hereafter.

Identical to any inland cities in Java, Kota Malang also possesses an alun-alun in its downtown, completed with a Jami’ Mosque on the west side. This composition clearly shows some features of capital city’s typology in Java. Beside the similarity, some differences from the typology are also found in Alun-Alun Malang. The composition of Alun-Alun Kota Malang doesn’t put the square as the main orientation of pendopo as the center of the government. Furthermore, the position and function of Jami’ Mosque are dynamically follows the existence of Alun-alun Kota Malang which grows simultaneously with the city development. Thus research about the positional and functional relationships between the Jami’ Mosque and the Alun-Alun needs to be held. A phenomenological approach is used for this research. Primary data is collected through interview with the users, analysts and observers of Alun-Alun in order to grasp an idea of their assumptions about the mosque’s function. Meanwhile, the secondary data is attempted to obtain historical data of Alun-alun Kota Malang, including the establishment and the expansions of Jami’ Mosque, especially when it became Grand Mosque of Kota Malang. The data were compared with the phenomenon which occurs at the moment, the desires and the needs of the user community, as well as the sustainability of function and position the mosque as the identity of alun-alun. The findings of this research are the functions of the Grand Mosque are closely related to the phenomenon of the Alun-Alun’s development.

The main purpose of this paper is to present an alternative approach to mosque design with particular reference to the context of Malaysia and the Malay World or the Nusantara. The paper contains four main parts. The first part examines the problem of mosque architectural interpretation from the perspective of Western architectural historiography. The main problems highlighted are those which pertain to the idea of ‘architecture’, ‘religious architecture’, relevance of the body of knowledge known as the ‘Hadith’ and lastly the specific historical-political agenda of some traditional mosques. The second part of the paper expounds briefly a reinterpretation of the hadith in arguing that the mosque approaches more as a community development complex than that as a mere house of rituals. The third part of the paper examines Wright’s Organic Architecture with specific reference to the design of the Unity Church and a few other buildings as containing some important lessons of mosque designs from the perspective of the Sunnah. The final part of the paper uses the principles discussed to criticize the Putra Mosque and the Masjid Negara.